Are the Concerns over Globalization Justified?

Globalization is one of the most vibrant, contested, and debated issues in modern international relations. Some argue that globalization brings great benefits, while others argue that globalization is fundamentally flawed. Countries in the world today are largely Interconnected, whether through trade relations, cultural exchanges, multinational cooperation on world issues like the environment and natural resources.The term â€Å"globalization† is a process of worldwide movement towards economic, financial, trade and communications Integration, where the world becomes ore Interlinked and connected. Whether the concerns over globalization Is Justified or not, questions if the worries of globalization is supported by logical and substantial reasons. As much as globalization has its pros sand cons, I feel that the concerns over globalization are valid.The reason being that globalization results in culture leveling, ethnocentrism, economic disparity, technological disparity, enviro nmental degradation and lastly, unemployment and labor drain One concern of globalization Is culture leveling, where cultures become homogeneous and local culture Is lost. This Is process by which different cultures become increasingly similar to one another, most often as a result of travel and communication. The danger of cultural leveling is that it can erode the traditional cultural practices, beliefs and interests of one group, in favor of another, therefore creating one culture that dominates all others.Due to globalization, countries have been opening up to trade and welcoming foreign investments to their country. Local cultures feel threatened and overwhelmed by foreign products and their associated values Like In the phase of Singapore, there are many foreign investments, such as the all-famous McDonald's. Those foreign eateries are slowly replacing the hawker centre and food courts here, as more people preferred eating at such places compared oat hawker centre and food cou rts. As a result, there is homogeneities of culture, loss of cultural diversity and the erosion of culture.For example, cultural products now make up the second largest United States' export behind aircraft. In 1992, the united States purchased only $288 million in cultural products from the nations of the European Community (SEC) combines, while the SEC nations bought $3. 7 billion in US cultural products. Culture leveling is a serious and long-term problem cause once the cultural sites are gone, It Is difficult or almost Impossible to revive them again. Even If It Is possible to construct similar bulldogs, It may not have the nostalgia feel.Therefore the concern of culture leveling over globalization is Justified. Another concern of globalization Is ethnocentrism whereby we make false assumptions about another culture, can often lead to misinterpretation, prejudice and negative relations between social groups, due to the exchange of cultures encouraged by globalization. Globalizat ion allows people from all over the world to exchange cultures with one another. The problem with this is that there will be increased proximity arising from increased trade, which could lead to conflict because different groups have divergent values, beliefs and norms.As a result, there will be increasing outbursts of violence that run along ethnic and cultural lines. An example is the Samuel Huntington Clash of Civilizations, a theory that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world. There are basically six main explanations to his theory. First, differences among civilizations are not only real; they are basic. Civilizations are differentiated from each other by history, language, culture, tradition and, most important, religion.Second, the world is becoming a smaller place. The interactions between peoples of different civilizations are increasing; these increasing interactions intensify civilization consciousness and awareness of differences between civilizations and commonalities within civilizations. Third, the processes of economic modernization and social change throughout the world are separating people from longstanding local identities. They also weaken the nation state as a source of identity. Fourth, the growth of civilization-consciousness is enhanced by the dual role of the West.Fifth, cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and hence less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic ones. Finally, economic regionalism is increasing. This problem of ethnocentrism might be serious if people continue to differentiate others with their values, beliefs and norms. Tension might build up among the people with different values, beliefs and norms, as they will misunderstand one another thus causing long-term problems because it is unlikely o resolve the conflict overnight and their way of thinking may be negatively influenced by their peers.Therefore, the concern of ethnocentrism over globalization is Justified. The third concern of globalization is economic disparity. Globalization may result in greater economic disparity between the rich and poor, basically the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. This is because the rich seek to benefit themselves; the rich countries are also better equipped (in terms of infrastructure, educational level of their people and amount of capital etcetera) to reap the benefits. One example is the growing concentration and monopolizing of economic resources and power by Multinational Corporations (Macs) and global financial firms.Only 20% of the world population in the developed countries receives 82. 7% of the world income. In 1989, the average income of 20% of the people living in the richest country was 60 times higher than 20% of the people living in the poorest countries. Shockingly, this ration had doubled 30 times from 1950. However, this cannot be blamed on globalization solely becau se the higher income of the rich in less developed or developing countries has not been translated into investment, exulting in unemployment and the growing income disparity. Even if they had done so, this does not narrow the income gap between the two groups significantly.Thus, this problem of income disparity is serious and long-term because countries would only want to speed up the rate of the improvement of their economy so that the parts of the country will be more productive than to improve the less developed parts of the country. Thus, government tends to ignore the poorer parts of the country or improve it at very slow rate, causing the widening of income gap. It also takes a lot of mime and money to narrow the income gap of the rich and poor which would be detrimental to the country's economy. Therefore, the concern of economic disparity over globalization is Justified.Another concern of globalization that should be addressed is the increasing technological disparity betwee n the rich and the poor countries. Globalization may result in greater technological disparity between the rich (e. G. United States of America) and the poor countries (e. G. Africa). The emerging world economy is electronic. Countries will be integrated through info systems and technology. The ore developed countries are better equipped in terms of infrastructure and the educational level to harness the advanced technology. The less developed countries will thus remain on the periphery.For example, Nikkei industry in Vietnam and Thailand tends to be labor intensive and therefore rely on low-tech or less skilled labor Just because they have a lot of labor. But this is not exactly caused by globalization. Different countries have different capacities to adopt technology. Thus, Olds must find their own balance between globalization and use of IT and the pace of trade liberalizing. Many countries suffer from absence of science and technology infrastructure and technology policies. Also , they have poor utilization of available technical manpower.Governments and non-governmental organizations should also step back and allow markets and private sector to play greater role in transfer of technology. The problem of technological disparity is rather serious. Technological disparity is also linked to income disparity, if a country does not have enough incentives and funds, the country is unable to purchase new or more advanced technology, thus the productivity of that particular cannot may not be as efficient as entries who are able to purchase advanced and latest technology to help in their production.Countries that do not have the purchasing ability are most likely the less developed countries or poorer parts of a country while countries that are able to enjoy such blessings of advanced technologies are the more developed countries and the richer parts of a country. Hence the poorer regions will remain poor as their productivity remain low while richer regions continu e to prosper. Thus technological disparity between the rich and poor countries is a long-term problem of liberation, which is Justified.However some may argue that the concerns over globalization are not Justified because the problems can be minimized. Globalization has caused the improvement of technology and transport making transport more convenient and efficient to carry goods and people from one place to another. One example that globalization has improved transportation is the creation of cars. There is an increasing trend in the number of people who owns a car. Cars emit greenhouse gases such as carbon deplete and leading to the increase rate of global warming.Thus with advance genealogy, the catalytic converter was invented to convert those pollutant gases to less harmful gases. But not all countries actually make it compulsory for all cars to instill the catalytic converter in their vehicles unlike Singapore. Hence even if there is this converter to convert harmful gases to less harmful gas, it will not have a large impact on the environment if very few people use that. Greenhouse gas emissions are also caused by rapid industrialization in the developing world and the heavy dependence on fossil fuels. Environmental depletion is also caused by the overuse of sources.This is because there has been a rise in demand and ecosystem removal as a result of population growth. The need for disposable products has caused logging to be on the increase, which result in the excessive deforestation. Once the ozone layer is depleted, it is non-reversible, neither can it be cured. Thus this is a very serious problem and it is long-termed because there is nothing that can be done to reverse the effect of ozone depletion except to slow down the rate of global warming. Therefore environmental degradation is a concern of globalization that can be Justified.

Latin American History Essay

According to Chasteen (2006), Latin America can be regarded as either having a single history or not. The twenty countries can be said to have a common history due to them being similar in more ways than one. When looked at from a different perspective, they can also be said not to have a single history because these countries’ history cannot be accurately and fully described in one story. This article will explore Chasteens’ views with the aim of establishing if his views are accurate. Jose Maria Caicedo was the first one to refer to this geographical region as ‘Latin America† The introduction of this name encompassed both the Spaniards and French speaking people occupying the lands. Latin America is comprised of countries found in the south of the United States of America and maybe sub-divided into regions namely; Carribean, Central America, South America and North America. Latin America is the 4th largest Continent on planet Earth. History shows that the entry and exit of regions into and out of Latin America was a gradual transition that cannot be traced to specific dates. One common feature of these countries is the European conquest and colonization. Christopher Columbus arrived there in 1942, consequently opening them up to the world. Eventually, the region was taken over by European powers comprised of Portugal and Spain, who introduced diseases such as small pox in order to weaken the indigenous populace. Many died, while the survivors were subjected to forced labor. Eventually independence was attained between 1810 and 1830 through a string of freedom fighters. The Latin American republics also share a religion because during the period of colonization, the Roman Catholic Church was introduced in order to override the traditions of the natives. It became the major economic – political power and the authorized religion of the land. Most of the republics of Latin America, spoke the languages of romance, which were French and Spanish, with Spanish being the main dialect. Another language that was spoken is Portuguese. These dialects existed because these countries were colonized by Spain and Portugal. Some countries e. g. Guyane speak English, Suriname speaks Dutch and Brasilia speaks Portuguese. The Latin American nations possess a rich ethnicity in the make-up of the populace. We find the Amerindians who are the Aborigins, then there are the Blacks who were slaves brought in from Africa, the Asians who were traders from Japan and China, Mestizos were as a result of inter-marriage between the Europeans and the Amerindians and the Mulattoes from marriages between Europeans and Africans. The Whites were composed of the Spaniards and French and last but not least were the Zambos who came up as a result of mixed marriages between Africans and Amerindians. Another common trait was the signing of the International Human Rights Treaties by the 20 Latin American countries and the 28 Post Communist countries. The treaties addressed civil liberties, freedoms of speech, assembly, association, movement, religion and the independence of courts. Civil liberties of Latin American countries had been smothered by the Communist rule, which eventually collapsed between 1989 and 1991. Human rights and democratic self governance rights significantly improved across the countries after the fall of communism. This improvement was triggered by the increased shining of the spotlight on conduction of open and just elections. Personal integrity privileges remained explosive as they were for the most part affected by the struggle involving government and guerrilla movements. Crowley (1993) says the rights experienced a stunted improvement but nevertheless started showing progress as from 1991. The Latin American countries went through a state of dependency and neo-colonialism. Grandin (2004) wrote that in order to safeguard its economic interest, USA provided fiscal, military and moral support to the non-independent countries. Liberalization was initiated from 1989, though the Soviet and Yugoslav conflict continuously hindered growth. However, progress could by 1993 because there were more liberal and semi-liberal countries, and an increased show of respect for individuals’ rights to own property. In conclusion, it can be said that not only are the Latin American countries unified geographically, but across the cultural, economic, religious and historical background. Their masters without knowing united these countries, creating a wealthy people, empowered to transform their continent into a resourceful and culturally rich continent. References Chasteen J. C. (2006). Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. Crowley, W. and Timothy P. (1991). Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes since 1956. New Jersey: Princeton: Princeton University Press. Grandin, G. (2004). The Last Colonial Massacre: Latin America in the Cold War. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Abraham Lincoln and American History

Abraham Lincoln was an important part of American history. He ended slavery and helped America through the civil war. Abraham Lincoln was one of the truly great men of all time. Even as a boy, Lincoln showed ability as a speaker. He often amused himself and others by imitating some preacher or politician who had spoken in the area. People liked to gather at the general store in the crossroads village of Gentryville. Lincoln's gift for telling stories made him a favorite with the people there. In spite of his youth, he was well known in his neighborhood. In 1834, Lincoln again ran for the legislature. He had become better known by this time, and won election as a Whig. He served four successive two-year terms in the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. During his first term, he met a young Democratic legislator, Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln quickly came to the front in the legislature. He was witty and ready in debate. His skill in party management enabled him to become the Whig floor leader at the beginning of his second term. He took leading parts in the establishment of the Bank of Illinois and in the adoption of a plan for a system of railroads and canals. This plan broke down after the Panic of 1837. Lincoln also led a successful campaign for moving the state capital from Vandalia to Springfield. While in the legislature, Lincoln made his first public statement on slavery. In 1837, the legislature passed by an overwhelming majority resolutions condemning abolition societies. These societies urged freedom for slaves. Lincoln and another legislator, Dan Stone, filed a protest. They admitted that Congress had no power to interfere with slavery in the states where it existed. They believed â€Å"the promulgation of abolition doctrines tend rather to increase than abate its evils. *1 Their protest arose from the legislature's failure to call slavery an evil practice. Lincoln and Stone declared that â€Å"the institution of slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy. â€Å"*2 Later, Lincoln continued with his dream to become part of the law. He wanted to become president. On March 4, 1861, Lincoln took the oath of office and became the 16th President of the United States. In his inaugural address, Lincoln denied that he had any intention of interfering with slavery in states where the Constitution protected it. He urged the preservation of the Union. Lincoln warned that he would use the full power of the nation to â€Å"hold, occupy, and possess† the â€Å"property and places†*3 belonging to the federal government. By â€Å"property and places,† he meant forts, arsenals, and custom houses. Lincoln's closing passage had great beauty and literary power. He appealed to â€Å"the mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land. † The attack on Fort Sumter marked the start of the Civil War. Lincoln met the crisis with energetic action. He called out the militia to suppress the â€Å"insurrection. He proclaimed a blockade of Southern ports, and expanded the army beyond the limit set by law. He then led the United States during the Civil War (1861-1865), which was the greatest crisis in U. S. history. During the Civil War, Lincoln's first task was to win the war. He had to view nearly all other matters in relation to the war. It was â€Å"the progress of our arms,† he once said, â€Å"upon which all else depends. † But Lincoln was a peace-loving man who had earlier described military glory as â€Å"that attractive rainbow, that rises in showers of blood–that serpent's eye that charms to destroy. *4 The Civil War was by far the bloodiest war in U. S. history. Lincoln became a remarkable war leader. Some historians believe he was the chief architect of the Union's victorious military strategy. This strategy called for Union armies to advance against the enemy on all fronts at the same time. Lincoln also insisted that the objective of the Union armies should be the destruction of opposing forces, not the conquest of territory. Lincoln changed generals several times because he could not find one who would fight the war the way he wanted it fought. When he finally found such a general, Ulysses S. Grant, Lincoln stood firmly behind him. Lincoln's second great task was to keep up Northern morale through the horrible war in which many relatives in the North and South fought against one another. He understood that the Union's resources vastly exceeded those of the Confederacy, and that the Union would eventually triumph if it remained dedicated to victory. For this reason, Lincoln used his great writing and speechmaking abilities to spur on his people. If the Union had been destroyed, the United States could have become two, or possibly more, nations. These nations separately could not have become as prosperous and important as the United States is today. By preserving the Union, Lincoln influenced the course of world history. By ending slavery, he helped assure the moral strength of the United States. His own life story, too, has been important. He rose from humble origin to the nation's highest office. What did Abraham Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation do to help the Civil War? It declared freedom for slaves in all areas of the Confederacy that were still in rebellion against the Union. The proclamation also provided for the use of blacks in the Union Army and Navy. As a result, it greatly influenced the North's victory in the war. The 11 states of the Confederacy seceded from the Union in 1860 and 1861. They seceded primarily because they feared Lincoln would restrict their right to do as they chose about the question of black slavery. The North entered the Civil War only to reunite the nation, not to end slavery. During the first half of the war, abolitionists and some Union military leaders urged Lincoln to issue a proclamation freeing the slaves. They argued that such a policy would help the North because slaves were contributing greatly to the Confederate war effort. By doing most of the South's farming and factory work, slaves made whites available for the Confederate Army. Lincoln agreed with the abolitionists' view of slavery. He once declared that â€Å"if slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. â€Å"*5 But early in the war, Lincoln believed that if he freed the slaves, he would divide the North. Lincoln feared that four slave-owning border states; Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri, would secede if he adopted such a policy. In July 1862, with the war going badly for the North, Congress passed a law freeing all Confederate slaves who came into Union lines. At about that same time, Lincoln decided to change his stand on slavery. But he waited for a Union military victory, so that his decision would not appear to be a desperate act. On Sept. 22, 1862, five days after Union forces won the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary proclamation. It stated that if the rebelling states did not return to the Union by Jan. 1, 1863, he would declare their slaves to be â€Å"forever free. The South rejected Lincoln's policy, and so he issued the Emancipation Proclamation on Jan. 1, 1863. Lincoln took this action as commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He called it â€Å"a fit and necessary war measure. † The Emancipation Proclamation did not actually free a single slave, because it affected only areas under Confederate control. It excluded slaves in the border states and in such Southern areas under Union control as Tennessee and parts of Louisiana and Virginia. But it did lead to the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. This amendment, which became law on Dec. 18, 1865, ended slavery in all parts of the United States. As the abolitionists had predicted, the Emancipation Proclamation strengthened the North's war effort and weakened the South's. By the end of the war, more than 500,000 slaves had fled to freedom behind Northern lines. Many of them joined the Union Army or Navy or worked for the armed forces as laborers. By allowing blacks to serve in the Army and Navy, the Emancipation Proclamation helped solve the North's problem of declining enlistments. About 200,000 black soldiers and sailors, many of them former slaves, served in the armed forces. They helped the North win the war. The Emancipation Proclamation also hurt the South by discouraging Britain and France from entering the war. Both of those nations depended on the South to supply them with cotton, and the Confederacy hoped that they would fight on its side. But the proclamation made the war a fight against slavery. Lincoln†s decisions and Emancipation Proclamation led to the 15th amendment which freed slaves. Without it, life today would be much different. He changed life for all Americans, black and white. How did the Pacific Railroad Act have an impact on American History? It provided for the building of the nation's first transcontinental rail line. Abraham Lincoln was in office when the Pacific Railroad Act was signed. He made a huge impact by signing the act. It was the first step to trading with other states that were far apart and new ways of transportation. States could now trade meat and states could focus on the products that are most practical for their part of the country. The act gave two companies responsibility for building the railroad. The Union Pacific was to start laying track westward from a point near Omaha. The Central Pacific Railroad was to lay track eastward from Sacramento. Congress granted both railroads large tracts of land and millions of dollars in government loans. Work began on the Central Pacific track in 1863 and on the Union Pacific in 1865. The railroads faced the gigantic task of crossing the rugged Rockies and the towering Sierra Nevada. To obtain the necessary labor, the Central Pacific hired thousands of Chinese immigrants to work on the railroad. Thousands of European immigrants worked on the Union Pacific. On May 10, 1869, the tracks of the two railroads finally met at Promontory, Utah. North America became the first continent to have a rail line from coast to coast. By the end of the 1800's, the United States had five transcontinental rail lines. The Canadian Pacific Railway (now CP Rail) completed Canada's first transcontinental line in 1885. It extended from Montreal, Quebec, to Vancouver, British Columbia. The completion of these rail lines opened vast regions of the continent to settlement and trade. How did the sayings of Abraham Lincoln help people? Abraham gave many speeches in his life that inspired people to be all that they can be and do what is right. Gettysburg Address is a short speech that United States President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. He delivered the address on Nov. 19, 1863, at ceremonies to dedicate a part of the battlefield as a cemetery for those who had lost their lives in the battle. The principal speaker was Edward Everett, one of the greatest orators of his day. He spoke for two hours. Lincoln was asked to say a few words, and spoke for about two minutes. Lincoln wrote the address to help ensure that the battle would be seen as a great Union triumph and to define for the people of the Northern States the purpose in fighting the war. Some historians think his simple and inspired words, which are among the best remembered in American history, reshaped the nation by defining it as one people dedicated to one principle–that of equality. Lincoln wrote five different versions of the speech. He wrote most of the first version in Washington, D. C. , and probably completed it at Gettysburg. He probably wrote the second version at Gettysburg on the evening before he delivered his address. He held this second version in his hand during the address. But he made several changes as he spoke. The most important change was to add the phrase â€Å"under God† after the word â€Å"nation† in the last sentence. Lincoln also added that phrase to the three versions of the address that he wrote after the ceremonies at Gettysburg. Lincoln wrote the final version of the address–the fifth written version–in 1864. This version also differed somewhat from the speech he actually gave, but it was the only copy he signed. It is carved on a stone plaque in the Lincoln Memorial. Many false stories have grown up about this famous speech. One story says that the people of Lincoln's time did not appreciate the speech. But the reaction of the nation's newspapers largely followed party lines. Most of the newspapers that backed the Republican Party, the party to which Lincoln belonged, liked the speech. A majority of the newspapers that supported the Democratic Party did not. Edward Everett, the principal speaker at the dedication, wrote to Lincoln: â€Å"I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes. *6 Abrahams two minute speech had more of an impact that a two hour speech. Lincoln touched many hearts and others despised him. It does not matter if they liked him or not, they were still affected by his words and actions. Abraham Lincoln affected the U. S. in many different ways. He led the United States during the Civil War, one of the most brutal battles in history. Lincoln helped end slavery in the nation and helped keep the American Union from splitting apart during the war. Lincoln thus believed that he proved to the world that democracy can be a lasting form of government. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, second inaugural address, and many of his other speeches and writings are classic statements of democratic beliefs and goals. Lincoln, a Republican, was the first member of his party to become President. He was assassinated near the end of the Civil War and was succeeded by Vice President Andrew Johnson. Lincoln was the first U. S. President to be assassinated. Without President Lincoln life today would be much different. We have him to thank for a lot of the great accomplishments in history.

There is more than one topic(choose what you want from them) Research Paper

There is more than one topic(choose what you want from them) - Research Paper Example Wal-mart is driven by the objective that they should serve their customers to the best way possible keeping the costs as low as possible but still earn a reasonable amount of profit. Wal-mart ends up reducing the wages and encouraging relocation elsewhere to meet the motive of low cost1,2. The first point is that Wal-mart introduced a â€Å"pull† system of retailing. This means that Wal-mart would direct the manufacturers regarding what to produce and how much to produce. While studying macroeconomics, the first three basic questions that are asked are - what to produce, how much to produce and for whom to produce. In this case, also Wal-mart decides what consumer goods the manufacturers must produce. Wal-mart also instructs them regarding the quantity that is to be produced. Wal-mart, as any other company will want to maximize its profit level. For attracting more customers, it keeps the price of the goods at a low level. However, if prices are kept low then the profit level of the company must also be low. However, this does not happen because the company reduces its cost of production. One way of reducing the costs that has been adopted by the company is by paying low wages to the workers. In 2005, the average weekly wage was $8. While the average hourly wag e rate is $8.23 on average, the average supermarket hourly rate is $10.35. In 2001 there was discrimination between female and male workers –â€Å"the average male employee was paid about $5000 more per year than the average female full time employee†3. In order to protect this low wage policy, Wal-mart does not support the formation of unions. In the year 2000, when a meat-cutting department built up a union at Wal-mart in Texas, the commercial giant phased out the department meticulously. Hence the largest private sector in Europe is free from any union. According to estimates of January

Economic Growth Rate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Growth Rate - Research Paper Example The budget impacts on the growth of the economy and allocation or redistribution of resources. The difference between budgetary spending and revenues is defined as the budget deficit. Budget deficit contribute in the level of national debt. A variety of problems can result because of budget deficit. Lower national savings rate, higher rates of interest and inflation are some of them. The federal budget is taking an unsustainable path. The debt levels of the federal are expected to grow with the size of the economy. The elevated budget deficit is the cause of increase in federal debt. This will shed its effects on economic downturn. The excess expenditure is financed through borrowing. The federal government takes the policy of issuing securities. The households can make up their budget deficits through loans and credit cards. Some of the measures to curb down the budget deficit are cutting expenditures, levee taxes or a strategy that will involve both. Thesis Statement Can budget def icit affect the economic growth? Economists generally agree that high budget deficits today will reduce the growth rate of the economy in the future. Why? Economists are of the opinion that sustaining large deficits can reduce the rate of growth. If the aim is to attain future gains in the standard of living it is necessary to curb down the levels of consumption and take the requisite steps in order to increase the level of savings. The deficit in the federal budget along with the low rate in the savings will cause a gap between the total savings and the investment. Spreading the foreign ownership of assets and mounting payments of investment will result in capital inflows (Wallich, 2012, p.78). The same reason can be accounted for the deficits in trade to occur. The trade deficits will keep on piling up with the continuation of capital inflows. The rate of interest is supposed to take the steep rising path if the investors turn down from providing capital in this kind of situation prevails. The value of dollar is likely to be depreciated. The assets of United States will be cheaper relative to the foreign assets and the investment rates will get curtailed with high rates of interest. The price of the imports will rise and the exchange rate will have the tendency to get low. The country will have to increase its reliance on foreign capital (Sanchez, 2010, p.523). The future generation will not be able to match with the expectations of the services from the government. The advancement in technology will get hampered and the standard of living of the country will feel the heat. Do the reasons for the high budget deficit matter? In other words, does it matter whether the deficit is caused by lower taxes, increased defense spending, more job-training programs, and so on? If the deficit is caused by poor governance then it is a matter of concern and calls for immediate appropriate steps. But if the deficits are caused by something that is believed to be productive for the future, then such deficits can be withheld for a certain point. If the deficit is caused by lower taxes, then people will have more disposable income and that might not be beneficial for the economy as a whole. But if the deficit is caused by increasing cost in defense services or increased spending in the job training programs, it is

Financial Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Appraisal - Essay Example Charities are evenly exposed to risk as compared to any commercial organization because of changing economic conditions, scare availability of funds and conservative approach towards operations due to limited resources. Regeneration through Education Limited (RTE) also has to be prudent in its business operation as its supporting adult education and training facility in deprived localities. For this purpose trustees must ensure prudence in their business operations. RTE is faced with the situation of tight funding and new supplier for their huge investment of  £100,000 in furniture and fittings. To mitigate the risk management of the trust has to follow two important components discussed below: Beside these two measures for risk coverage, RTE has to make the remaining payment within 10days of receipt of the goods therefore RTE has to manage its cash flow sensitivities during the construction period through: All charities are required to prepare accounts and make them available on request to public and authority commission (Deloitte, 2011).   The duty to file accounts and the Trustees’ Annual Report with the Charity Commission applies to all registered charities earning annual income or expenditure over  £10,000. RTE is maintaining annual turnover of  £ 2.5mn so it has to send its complete Annual Return to Charity Commission with 10 months of the financial year end (Charity Commission, 2011). RTE can only succeed in providing educational courses and infrastructure support to the under privileged segment of society if it is better able to manage its financial resources and report them accordingly within specified timeframe. This implies that RTE has to manage its inflows and outflows to meet their short, medium and long term business objectives and plan operational strategies based on these financial resource reporting and

Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in Sports and Entertainment Research Paper

Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in Sports and Entertainment - Research Paper Example There have been times when proper rights do not get provided which results in an outcry among the employees of the industry. The history of formation contracts can be dated back from 1960s and early 1970s when Major League Baseball Player Association (MLBPA) entered into the scenario. Introduction of players association also enabled sports agent to enter into the games and then with the passage of time, in late 1990s the trend of sports agencies or more renowned as sports agency firms started and afterwards many players joined several sports agencies and today all big names in sports have some kind of affiliation or connection with sports agencies. Players like Roger Federer, Tiger Woods, Maria Sharapova have affiliation with Octagon. NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB have affiliations with IMG. there are many other stars having their own agents who negotiate with different organizations and producers on different issues (Ferrand, Torrigiani, & Povill, 2007). Having a contract is one of the legal way to form an agreement or relationship between the organization and the person. Therefore celebrities as well as players need to have form agreements with the organization. Contact is important because it defines the rights and obligation of both the parties involved. And in this way one can avoid different conflicts and negotiate with each other in more effective and efficient manner. With the introduction of third parties like agents and sport agency firms along with the popularity of different sports and celebrities because of extensive coverage of media, at the same time more investors and organizations are ready to make investment in sports and media, the bargaining power of players, athletes and celebrities have increased a lot against organizations and sponsors. Therefore now players, celebrities and athletes demand a lot more than before. Previously associations used to pay after making the players and celebrities

Tipping point Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tipping point - Essay Example Connectors are perceived to be the trendsetters because of their rich network of acquaintances and friends. They know many people and keep in touch with them. Simply put, connectors strive to bring the world together not for their benefit, but for the benefit of humanity. On the other hand, Mavens are people who take delight in finding new information and share that information with connectors. Unlike connectors who simply wish to have a vast network of friends around them, mavens strive to have hottest esoteric scoops on specials and gadgets, and share that information with consumers. Hence, they fundamentally connect consumers to the marketplace due to their aptitude and capability to be informed on functionality of products, prices, and market trends. While the Mavens provide the message and connectors spread it, salesmen are skilled in persuading people to believe in what they hear. Their ability to easily build a rapport makes them good in expressing feelings and emotions, and o ften use their charisma to manipulate others. A striking difference between salesmen and connectors is the sheer fact that connectors think not as individuals, but in nodes and are more obliged to first help you then money later; however, salesmen are apparently money-oriented as they hugely motivated by money when packaging and pricing innovations (Gladwell, 82). Similarly, while connectors seem to rely on more general information to connect the world, Mavens dig deep into ideas and innovations and give detailed and unambiguous information regarding it. Apparently, I am more similar to the Connector personality type. Over the past few decades, with the dawn of technology I have been finding myself more engaged with the social media including Facebook and Twitter. I start each day on Facebook and Twitter by posting and twitting unpretentious questions such as â€Å"How can I help you?†, â€Å"Is anything the matter?† Through these platforms, people have been able to express

The basic principles of MR image production Essay

The basic principles of MR image production - Essay Example In this essay, safety issues and hazards of MRI will be discussed and methods for safe imaging will be explored through review of suitable literature. MRI is a "way of obtaining very detailed images of organs and tissues throughout the body without the need for x-rays or "ionizing" radiation. Instead, MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, rapidly changing magnetic fields, and a computer to create images that show whether or not there is an injury, disease process, or abnormal condition present" (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010). MRI has turned out to be an excellent investigation tool because of it ability to provide good contrast between various tissues in a particular region. For example, in the brain, a good contrast is provided between white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid (Diwadkar and Keshavan, 2002). The technology of MRI mainly employs 3 components for imaging and they are pulsed radio-frequency fields or RF, high static magnetic field and time-varying gradient electromagnetic fields or EMF (Roboman et al, 2006). For the purpose of MR imaging, the patient is placed in a "large, tunnel or doughnut-shaped dev ice that is open at both ends" (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010) (Refer Figure-1). The examination causes no pain or tissue injury, although loud noises are heard during the procedure. There is also a risk of mechanical injury due to ferromagnetic objects kept in the scanning room unintentionally. The main hazards concerned with magnetic fields are interactions with the equipment and interactions with human tissue. As far as human tissue interactions are concerned, the most worrisome interactions are with blood flow, ears and cardiac cycle (De Wilde et al, 2007). The main safety issues which are of concern on exposure to high static magnetic field are are both mechanical and biological effects and their consequences. In clinical MRI scanning, the strength of magnets used range between

Challenges Presented by Implementing IPv6 concurrently with IPv4 Term Paper

Challenges Presented by Implementing IPv6 concurrently with IPv4 - Term Paper Example There was a problem of the eminent exhaustion of IPv4 space, complexities of configuration and the different security issues that were associated with IPv4. To overcome the above challenges presented by IPv4, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed Internet Protocol version six (IPv6). This uses a 128 address space ad would support different unique addresses to the tune of trillions. It was envisaged that IPv6 would eliminate the security issues associated with IPv4 and also present new features and opportunities for the internet community. This paper discusses the challenges of implementation of Ipv6 concurrently with IPv4. Development of IPv6 The rapid decline in the number of available IP addresses is not surprising. This is based on the fact that new devices are being connected to the internet. Some of these devices are not even computers but are integrated with microcomputers to help them connect to the internet. Such devices include security systems, television set s and cameras among others. With this development, it was expected that IPv6 would be implemented fast enough to help in overcoming the challenges that were presented by IPv4. However, there has been some considerable slowness in implanting IPv6 across networks with different deadlines set for its implementation coming and going. The slowness in implementation is not attributed to any hardware or software issue. This is because most of the current computer hardware and software are compatible with IPv6 (DeNardis 131). Reasons for IPv6 One of the main reasons advanced for the need of IPv6 addresses is that it supports dynamic routing and end to end computing. Dynamic routing is different from static routing from the sense that in static routing, permanent IP addresses are assigned to devices on a network while in a dynamic routing, IP addresses are assigned based on need. This means that dynamic routing that is supported by IPv6 uses fewer IP addresses. Another reason for IPv6 is its mandatory support for IPSec; this is the security protocol deployed for internet applications. IPSec can also be used by IPv4. Furthermore, the fact that IPv6 supports back to back connectivity, it allows for rerouting of information to determine the source of traffic. This is a feature that IPv6 has that has improved its security by eliminating attacks and simplifies the process of IP identification (Zhang 565). IPv6 is also easy to implement and use. This is due to the fact that it can easily configure itself and connect easily to the network. This makes the job very easy for network administrators as they do not have to waste much time configuring the networks. IPv6 has an additional feature that increases its robust nature while eliminating the complexities of routing. This is due to the feature that reduces the number of routes (Zhang 567). Challenges presented by implementing IPv6 concurrently with IPv4 One of the challenges that may be experienced in such implementation is s ecurity. Even though IPv6 has better security features, security is a problem because of the complexity of implementing such a system. The security challenges include preventing attackers who have more experience than the information technology department of an organization during the initial stages of concurrent implementation of IPv6 and IPv4. Security exists also I the context of the difficulty in ascertaining unauthorized access on the existing IPv4

Present Social Trend Essay Example for Free

Present Social Trend Essay The world today is experiencing a dynamic movement towards time and development. Gone are the days when the slow process of progress is still accommodated in the economic, cultural, social, scientific and physical world. Even the way people earn their living always needs proper upgrading since technological advancement related to it is growing fast. The primary tool to make both ends meet is education. An educated person is more likely to be resilient in the changing world compared to those who are uneducated and even poorly educated. The very reason why people experience poverty is lack of proper education to meet an employer’s needs in terms of skills and educational attainment. Hence, a successful person is the one who is rich with skills and capabilities. According to Immerwahr, the work complexities of the world almost require all men to be retrained despite of their age (Immerwah, 2004). Aside from that, the public believe nowadays those adults who returned to school for purposes of retraining are in a more advantageous position in terms of success (Immerwahr, 2004). On the other track, together will all of the layoffs in working communities of the present time, individuals may be more cognizant of the opportunities for higher education that subsist for nontraditional students (Immerwahr, 2004). The truth is, many older people are forced to attend school again in order to keep their jobs and to cope up with existing promotion opportunities. Jobs are becoming scarce and young people are more trained compared to older people. That is why the goals of older people are glued to the move that their jobs will be protected from being affected due to fast-changing working requirements. As a result, the aforementioned study reported that adults who were retrained are more prone to successful endeavors compared to those who do not care going back to school. The result of the situations mentioned is that adults become students. Employers are aware that their workers are going back o school for retraining necessary to keep the job or for job security. Companies must see to it that their salary offering would be updated as older employees who worked in the company for so long become properly-trained. Besides, the effect of this social trend goes to the difficulties of older people in managing their time. Aside from the fact that they are usually married, those older men who go back to school for retraining, has more extra-curricular activities to attend to. It is their responsibility to juggle their time in order to attend to their work and their family responsibilities. Other returning students even focused on their retraining and used their savings for financial support (Immerwahr, 2004). Finally, the ability of individuals to deal with the present work situation and educational trend make them avoid hardships in terms of economic conditions. The readiness of the universities and schools offering retraining to design their curriculum to cater the needs of adult students is evident. The notion that young people must pursue higher learning or education no longer applies nowadays as older men are also encouraged to do so. That is why those who do not consider college education 20 or even 15 years ago are finding themselves back to universities and schools. Therefore, the latest social trend is now applicable to all people young or old due to the evident changes in the way we earn a living. Going back to school is a necessity especially when unemployment rate continue to rise. References Immerwahr, J. Higher Education. (February 2004). Public Attitudes on Higher Education. Retrieved July 28, 2008, from http://www.highereducation.org/ reports/pubatt/.

Medical Assisting Essay Example for Free

Medical Assisting Essay Medical Assistants are crucial people in the medical field. â€Å"Medical Assistants are multi-skilled members of the health care team who perform administrative and clinical procedures under the supervision of a licensed health care provider such as a nurse or doctor.†(American Association of Medical Assistants, Library) Medical Assistants do have a variety of different duties that they have to perform on a day to day basis. As a medical assistant, a person will have administrative and clinical duties; work with nurses and doctors, and comply with OSHA and HIPAA guidelines. Some of the administrative duties a person might have to perform as a medical assistant include: â€Å"greeting patients, handling correspondence, scheduling appointments, answering telephones, creating and maintaining patient medical records, handling billing and insurance processing, and performing medical transcriptions.† (K. Booth, L. Whicker, T. Wyman, S.M. Wright 2008-2011) All of these administrative duties that a medical assistant does, they must remember to follow HIPAA guidelines and privacy of the patient. (HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.) If a medical assistant fails to follow these guidelines they could possibly face legal charges such as: fines, imprisonment, and/or loss of job. There was a case in Kansas were a man was suspended for unknown causes but, did have to go to court to see if an immediate danger to the public health, safety, or welfare requiring immediate state agency action. said presiding officer Dr. Nancy Welsh. Some of the clinical duties a medical assistant might have to perform include: â€Å"assisting the doctor during the examination of a patient, infection control, performing tests (urinalysis, blood work, ECGS(Electrocardiogram)) , preparing and giving injections and medications, phlebotomy (blood work), disposing of contaminated supplies, preparing patient for examination, vital signs and medical histories, preparing the exam room before and after examination of a patient, removing of sutures or changing dressings on wounds, and sterilizing equipment.†(K. Booth, L. Whicker, T. Wyman, S.M. Wright, 2008-2011) With all of the clinical duties, as well as the administrative duties, a medical assistant must remember to follow the HIPAA guidelines. Depending on the office a medical assistant works in will depend on the clinical duties they will be preforming. For example, if a medical assistant is assisting a surgeon or a surgical technician they might have duties like: sterilizing e quipment, making sure the operating room is stocked properly with supplies(gauze, medical tape, suture kits), and talking with the patient about the procedure. As a medical assistant there are certain values or qualifications that you need to have. These qualifications might include: critical thinking skills, time management, empathy, attention to detail, flexibility, professionalism, neat appearance, positive attitude, remaining calm in a crisis, team work, proper judgment, and good communication skills. (K. Booth, L. Whicker, T. Wyman, S.M. Wright, 2008-2011) Such things as time management, empathy, attention to detail, neat appearance, and positive attitude are extremely important in the medical field. No patient wants to be taken care of by someone who is rude, has a negative attitude, does not exhibit proper hygiene, or who just plainly doesn’t care about the patient. In the medical profession, professionalism is something that a person must have! The difference between a CMA and an RMA is: a CMA is a certified medical assistant and an RMA is a registered medical assistant (www.aama-ntl.org). A certified medical assistant has only a state wide certification. In order to practice in another state a person would have to transfer their certification to that state. It is different for a registered medical assistant. For a registered medical assistant it is nationwide, which means a person does not have to transfer anything. A person with a RMA can practice anywhere in the U.S., but a person with a CMA would have to transfer their certification first before they could practice in that state. The current issues that medical assisting face is that they are a â€Å"new breed† into the medical field. Which means that a person with a degree in medical assisting; might find it hard to find a job right now. The job field for medical assisting is growing and according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics the field is to grow 31% in the years to come. (Bureau of Labor Statistics; Publications; Job Outlook 2010-20). So, in the next few years, medical assisting should be as common as certified nursing assistants are today. The median average pay for medical assistant right now is around $28,860 a year or around $13.87 per hour. For more information about Medical Assistants you can visit the following websites: www.aama-ntl.org ( American Association of Medical Assistants), www.caahep.org (Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education), www.amt1.com (American Medical Technologists), www.jcahpo.org (Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthmology), and www.aspma.org (American Society of Podiatric Medical Assistants). These websites have helped me a great deal with not only research but, questions that I have had about my degree as a Medical Assistant. I know that they have helped me and I hope that they will help others with either questions they have or concerns that they might have about the medical assistant degree or duties. Becoming a Medical Assistant takes hard work and dedication. Working as a Medical Assistant takes even more hard work. Medical Assistants do a lot to help doctors and nurses every day. Some of the things they do for them are: answering the phone so that patients can make or cancel appointments or to answer a question they might have, preparing the patient and the room for the patient, doing blood work for the doctor or nurse, handling insurance paperwork, giving medication or getting it ready for the nurse, and cleaning up after the doctor is done with the patient’s examination. Medical Assistants are a very important part of the everyday duties in the medical field. REFERENCES Bureau of Labor Statistics; summary; job outlook. American Association of Medical Assistants website (www.aama-ntl.org); become a CMA. Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Procedures with Anatomy and Physiology, 4e; Kathryn A. Booth, Leesa G. Whicker, Terri D. Wyman and Sandra Moaney Wright; Pages 9,26-38 License of medical assistant suspended Hutchinson News, The (KS), Apr 07, 2012 Newspaper Source; Kaplan Library

Leadership In Health And Social Care

Leadership In Health And Social Care 1.1 This report looks at my existing leadership skills and how they have developed when implementing a postnatal group within my practice. Through developing this group, I will look at how the team responds to my leadership and how I approach situations. As part of my continuing professional development, I will identify changes needed in my approach to future practice in order to provide a quality working environment and improved development of service provision. This community health care project was chosen because Hall et al (2009) states that governments are increasingly interested in community healthcare programmes because, in partnership with other agencies, they can reduce social exclusion and the inequalities within and between local communities. Support groups can relieve feelings of isolation and loneliness in a study of women with post-natal depression, the support from others meant that mothers gained in self-esteem and felt empowered (Eastwood et al, 1995). 1.2 The Specialist Community Public Health Nurse (SCPHN) must follow performance standards in association with health enhancing activities (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2004, p12). Part of these standards state that I am responsible for applying leadership skills and managing projects to improve health and well being. Promoting partnership working and leading public health interventions through innovative and visionary approaches is key to my role as a SCPHN. Historically much of health service provision has been service led rather than needs led, designed and developed at the convenience of the providers rather than the patients (Wilkinson Murray 1998). Healthy lives, brighter futures (DOH, 2009a) and Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation (DoH, 1999) highlight the importance of there being partnership between services, children and parents which must be driven by strong leadership by SCPHNs. These improvements need to be achieved through an agreement between health practitioners and services and parents, children and young people. 2 . Aims 2.1 The aims of this report are to identify different leadership approaches and my own approach and evaluate positives and negatives of these approaches to improve my leadership skills. To explore the SCPHN role as a leader and the opportunities and obstacles that may impinge on effective leadership requirements in public health nursing through leading the development of a postnatal group. All SCPHNs interventions should operate on a partnership and empowerment model of delivery, which ensures acceptability of the service by both professionals and clients. Further aims will be to understand the principles of change management and conflict management, to enable effective resolution and promote a cohesive team environment. 3. Leadership in Practice 3.1 Through my experience as a SCPHN I believe that I hold transformational leadership traits, which include communication, motivation, decision making and conflict resolution. I believe my current skills lie in communication and motivation but areas where development is required are conflict within teams and on an individual basis. Two types of leaders have been identified transactional leaders set goals, give directions and use rewards to reinforce employee behaviours associated with meeting or exceeding established goals. Transformational leaders have the ability to motivate performance beyond expectations through their ability to influence attitudes (Mcguire Kennerly 2006, p.180). I endeavoured to follow Johnsons (2005) research, which suggested that highly effective leaders need both vision as well as a specific plan in order to carry out their plan if goals are to be achieved. I have demonstrated vision by creating this idea for a postnatal group. As a transformational leader I will try to share my vision with my followers, enthusing them with a high level of commitment (ChangingMinds, 2002-2006). In previous professional roles I was a follower and therefore I need to develop leadership skills. It is important as a practitioner to be aware and incorporate the qualities of both leadership styles in practice. 3.2 In my role as a leader I need to use interpersonal skills to influence others to accomplish a specific goal exerting influence by using a flexible approach of personal behaviours which is important in forging links, creating connections amongst organisations in order to promote high levels of performance and quality care (Sullivan Decker, 2009). I have approached a fellow SCPHN within the team and by recognising her individual expertise and praising her knowledge have encouraged her to contribute to the group by leading a session on womens health. As a leader I recognise Raffertys (1993) work by caring for the people I lead and I can see that by encouraging and praising my team I am able to promote high levels of performance, which therefore results in the delivery of high quality care. 3.3 In my leadership experience I have recognised the need to focus on the relationship between the people and the organisation this is described as Action Centred Leadership by Adair (1979) (Appendix 1). Adair highlighted the importance of a leader having the ability to meet three functions these where; to achieve the required task; to maintain the team and to meet the needs of individual team members. I have recognised the complexity of achieving successful leadership which requires the overlapping of these three functions in variable proportions to achieve the desired outcome. I have identified that both my team members and I have individual strengths and weaknesses and therefore task completion requires a multidisciplinary team approach, considering the organisational skill mix and resources available. Team members need to have an understanding of what is expected of them, and an understanding of how their individual contributions relate to the whole project. When developing the idea for the postnatal group we had a team meeting to share ideas and to ensure that everyone was aware of the aims of the project. Consideration of the needs of the team involved my considering training needs, communication systems and team development in order for my multi-professional team to function. Prior to commencement of the postnatal group a multidisciplinary team introduction meeting was held to ensure that every team member was familiar with their colleagues expertise and skills. As a leader it is important to recognise team members have individual skills, needs and problems, and to give praise and status to everyone. Again training and development is essential in order to maintain quality of care delivery as outlined in the benchmarks within the Essence of Care (DoH, 2006). When delegating work to others as a registered practitioner I have a legal responsibility to determine the knowledge and skill level required to perform delegated tasks. Like other public bodies, health service providers are accountable to both the criminal and civil courts to ensure that their activities conform to legal requirements. As a registered practitioner I am also accountable to regulatory and professional bodies in terms of standards of practice and patient care (RCN, 2006). If a focussed and effective group is to develop huge importance should be given to valuing all the skills and contributions of team members. As the team leader on this project I made myself available for one to one support for staff and held regular update sessions to see how their role was developing within the project and give them opportunity to raise concerns or highlight areas of improvement. 3.4 As a leader in Health Care it is my role to promote and develop partnerships between clients and other agencies, to empower and motivate individuals in order to develop services and service provision in communities. In 2006, the Essence of Care (DoH, 2006) outlined the importance of partnership working health promotion is undertaken in partnership with others using a variety of expertise and experiences. In many areas of the health service funding is limited but if individuals within my community can be motivated to take the lead on this project, they may be able to apply for extra funding (such as lottery grants) in order to be able to achieve future aims and targets. 3.5 An important aspect of leadership is having a good understanding of your team and an awareness of team relationships which includes how you view yourself as a leader and how your team view you. Having the ability to reflect on your own leadership style is essential in order to promote flexibility and the ability to change methods to suit different teams and individuals. I look to my manager to provide active displays of recognition, commitment and vision to ensure that my skills and those of other health professionals are utilised to improve the health and well being of communities, families and individuals (McMurray Cheater, 2004). I realise that vision is a key characteristic of effective leadership; it reflects the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive picture of the future for individuals and organisations that grows out of and improves upon the present (Robbins, 2000). I agree with Barr Dowding (2010) who stated that you do not need to be a man ager to be a leader but you do need to be a good leader to be an effective manager. 4. Leadership styles applied to the complexity of delivery of care. 4.1I have encountered many different leadership styles in my work in the Health Care sector. Many theorists have discussed leadership styles; Lewin et al (1939) identified three main leadership styles. Laissez-faire can present as disorganised, team members not aware of what is required from them with feelings of panic and lack of time. I have worked with a Laissez-faire leader which led to stressful situations where the leader would shout and not warn team members of future roles and responsibilities. This led to a very disjointed team and high levels of absence with stress related conditions. Directive/Autocratic this mode of working generally focuses on task specific allocation which great emphasis on precision delivered in a military style. I see my own leadership style as being non confrontational and therefore an autocratic leadership technique is not my preferred choice. I aim to develop my leadership style to become a participatory leader with a quiet contributory presence, encourage a happy team spirit where each member of the group supports and values each other, and there is a sense of belonging. I aim to deliver quality patient care with effective monitoring of standards, by allocating task driven duties, which give my team feelings of achievement. To progress and develop the skills required to achieve this form of leadership style I need to be aware that different teams require flexible approaches and this style may not suit all. I will need to seek continuing professional development and take advantage of available training throughout my career to develop my leadership skills. I can continue to grow as a leader by maintaining evidenced based practice and keeping abreast of key research into healthcare leadership. I recognise that there are disadvantages to this participative style of leadership it can be time consuming when decisions need to be made quickly which can prove costly in terms of resources. 4.2 As a SCPHN I must be an effective leader, which means possessing the ability to communicate with others in such a way that they are influenced and motivated to perform actions that achieve desired outcomes (Daft, 2005). As a leader we must focus on our own strengths and use a reflective approach to access the willingness of each individual to take on board change (Barr Dowding, 2010). It is my aim to stimulate awareness of health needs and lead on such initiatives by delegating aspects of practice to other agencies and facilitating the work of relevant team members (NMC, 2004). This collaboration presents significant challenges to the success of the proposed intervention and requires me to make important professional considerations about the proper implementation of a change strategy. Effective leadership is required to ensure that various practitioners communicate with one another and provide a holistic, coordinated service tailored to local needs (DoH, 2009c). Communicating an understanding and awareness of workload, resource and time pressures for staff is important as a leader in order to delegate work appropriately to team members and to avoid further stress and aid motivational leadership. 4.3 More flexibility in service delivery has been highlighted in the NHS Plan (DoH, 2000) confirming the drive to blur professional boundaries. The resulting flexibility of approach in relation to who does what, at what time and in what setting, has changed the skill mix of teams. As a result of new flexible service delivery plans, every individual needs good leadership to be fully aware of their roles and responsibilities to avoid confusion or potential conflict. To implement the postnatal group I need to introduce a careful change management program to ensure complete engagement of the whole team. I can use the structure of a framework to shape the change process. Lewin (1951) model of planned change breaks the change process down into three stages. These stages are: Unfreezing the existing organisational equilibrium, Moving to a new position, Refreezing a new equilibrium position. The unfreezing stage is commonly greeted with guilt and anxiety and it is important that as a lead er I provide psychological safety that helps these anxious individuals to convert their anxiety into motivation to change. This did cause friction and resistance with some team members who were unwilling to adapt to their new roles therefore a detailed rationale for changes was clearly explained through discussion groups. Demonstrating my leadership skills through effective communication was of paramount importance in order to try to avoid hostility towards any perceived threat (although not actual). The moving stage needs a new role model (within the partner organisations) to champion the proposed change and help others to follow and establish the new service. This may involve convincing senior management for the need for change and responding to any suggestions for modifications. Time may need to be negotiated in order to share information and update staff on the necessity for communication between professionals perhaps through workshops or focus groups. The refreezing stage invol ves integrating the new initiative into the organisation and consolidating significant relationships. The successful implementation of this change process is crucial to the success of the initiative; this can be aided by audit of results. Evaluation of my role is vital to validate the implementation and also to help diminish the risks against conflict as professionals can feel they own a project and have the ability to make changes and modifications. 4.5 By implementing a skill mix I have ensured staff ownership from the outset, utilising a bottom up approach. Barr Dowding (2010) state that the bottom up approach is encouraged within the humanistic technique, whereby the subordinates (followers) are encouraged to share ideas with their leaders and will be involved with the decision making process. As the leader I used a full and clearly defined evidence of staff members and their relevant skill mix in order to utilise them effectively. It is vital to utilise research and evidence of best practice in relation to postnatal groups in other areas of the UK. The current economic climate challenges our leadership skills and means that all practitioners need to scrutinize their practice to organise their work and be as innovative and productive as possible within the constraints of health service budgets (DoH, CPHVA, Unite, NHS, 2009b). 5. Leadership benefits to the quality of client care. 5.1 My role as a leader is to promote and implement concepts such as joint working and partnership with the community, addressing equity and inequality issues, collective action and an empowering agenda with a new way of thinking and methods to use in order to work dynamically (Cowley, 2008). These key concepts highlight the importance of this postnatal group being effectively led and supported by multi-agency organisations and community partnerships. As a registered practitioner and leader it is my responsibility to ensure that there is a supervision system in place within an organisation to protect the patient/client and maintain the highest possible standards of care. On-going supervision is used to assess team members abilities to perform delegated tasks and capability to take on additional roles and responsibilities. Supervision will be offered indirectly or directly at set points in time and team members will be given weekly opportunities to discuss any issues, concerns or worr ies they may have. 5.3 As the leader of this project it is important to be aware of the five areas of clinical governance identified by Crinson, 1999 clinical audit, clinical effectiveness, clinical risk management, quality assurance and staff development. It is important that within the leadership role I improve services based on complaints, evaluation and feedback by both professionals and clients, while accepting criticisms of my leadership skills. Any service must involve professional groups in multi professional audit. Proactively identifying clinical risks to patients/staff should make for a sound provision and aid myself as a health professional to be an effective leader. I aim to monitor my ability to measure the capacity and capability to deliver services by ensuring that there is effective clinical leadership as stated by the National Audit Office, 2007. 5.4 As a leader I believe setting high standards of quality care for clients is a key responsibility. This can be done by identifying key benchmarks set by the NMC (2004) where it is stated that the public have the right to expect that health care professionals will practice at a high standard. The use of benchmarks can assist in identifying the need for change. Within the Norfolk PCT I believe the value of the Nursery Nurse is recognised by SCPHNs with particular relevance to their skills being utilised. Using this as a benchmark it may therefore be suggested that integrating a Nursery Nurse into the postnatal group would compliment my role as a SCPHN in addressing the needs of the client in the most effective manner. Effective delivery of information at the postnatal group is dependent on the capacity of the workforce to implement it and having the appropriate resources to support the work force. This capacity relates to having sufficient staff in place, who have the requisite know ledge, skills and confidence to undertake assessments (DoH, DFEE Home Office, 2000c). The team that I am responsible and accountable for leading is multi-skilled and able to share relevant information in order to offer help and support to each other. 5.5 To be an effective leader I believe it is an essential requirement to undertake evaluation and analysis of any intervention on a regular basis to give the opportunity to implement change, which is supported by Summerbell et al (2005). They highlight that stakeholders (families, school environments, and others) be included in the decision making and I believe this allows for a broad range of ideas to be shared to provide quality care and services that are effective and appropriate for the target client group. Evaluation is key to quality assurance and an essential part of the leadership role is to ensure that followers are actively involved in the quality control process (Marquis Huston, 2009). 5.6 As a leader by utilising this service I am able to effectively share other agency resources and the skills of professionals with similar aims and objectives. The Department of Health (2000) promotes the collaboration of services and the ability to pool budgets and resources in order for services to be maintained and obtain sustainability. I believe that shared ownership of a strategy encourages partner agencies to incorporate targets into their individual plans and to work together to provide appropriate support for children and families this is supported by Hanson, 2010. The key to successful collaborative working and partnerships is to reach a common understanding of the priorities of the community and how to best tackle them (Mitcheson, 2008). Concepts such as joint working and partnership with the community, addressing equity and inequality issues, collective action and an empowering agenda all provide me as a SCPHN with new ways of thinking and methods to use in order to wo rk dynamically (Cowley, 2008). Once the group is more established, their own personal development aims will enable some of the clients to take a more prominent role in the leadership and development of the group as peer supporters. 5.7 Within the team I believe that the consequences of poor leadership to client care could be that staff members becoming unsettled and unhappy in their position and they may transfer these feeling towards the clients resulting in a lack of motivation on both sides. I feel that if staff are not behind their leader then this will reflect into the group through misinterpretation of the service Coe et al (2007) and Smith and Roberts (2009) found that barriers to attending groups include misinformation about the organisation. This evidence highlights the importance of my supportive leadership of health professionals to be clear, consistent and supportive in the information they are giving. 6. Dynamic and flexible approaches to leadership issues. 6.1 I have found through experience that awareness of conflict management is a key area of responsibility for an effective leader. To date I have found that in health there are a huge variety of professionals all with different knowledge and backgrounds and interacting with each other giving considerable potential for conflict. Conflict can arise through the competition of different groups vying scarce resources. An individuals personal objectives may also be a cause for potential conflict. As a leader it is vital that I do not ignore any potential conflict situations and if conflicts do arise, I will plan solutions before patient care is compromised. I intend as a leader to promote a positive working environment through my leadership skills, the Royal College of Nursing (RCN, 2005) state that many professionals experience both positive and negative working environments and recommend a useful tool to explore relationships on an individual and team basis. I aim for my team members to view me as a leader who is able to collaborate and involve relevant parties to solve a situation rather than one who avoids conflict. Conflict can result in poor productivity (Barr Dowding, 2010) by being a dynamic and flexible leader who is able to resolve conflict effectively I can ensure a continuing high quality of patient care. 6.2 If I had conflict within a team I am leading, I would use a tool created by Tuckman (1965) on stages of group development. The four stages of group development Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing can be used to break down a difficult situation into manageable elements. During the forming stage of team development and development of the group it was my aim to ensure that I explained all tasks and objectives in a clear manner and to emphasise and reassure team members that I was happy to listen to ideas but decisions would be made so that everyone had a good understanding of what they were required to do. To team then moved into the storming stage of development where the group were happy to discuss ideas but showed respect if there was disagreement and communication skills to come to amicable decisions. The next stage is the Norming stage were the group began to support each other in their roles. This stage can sometimes develop slowly currently the team has not reached t he consistent performing stage as partners and team members continue to develop and learn how to work effectively together. By maintaining and developing the group further I hope to achieve consistently high standards of performance within the group. This will require effective communication, shared labour, greater cooperation, lower absenteeism and increased resistance to frustrations. If I continue to perform as a leader to a high standard I believe I can achieve the delivery of high quality care and a motivated team. 6.3 In order to maintain professional development and practice based on evidenced-based research I believe health professionals need to access relevant training, and share knowledge and skills within the team environment. Reflection is essential in order to look back at achievements. Consideration of what has been successful and what would be done differently in future practice to make a service as beneficial and effective as possible for children and families is essential. I aim to promote partnership working as I feel it is key to the implementation of this intervention in order to sustain it and continue future development within the area. 6.4 At the end of the project I aim to collect data in order to evaluate and analyse the cost-effectiveness of the intervention and identify opportunities for cost savings, which is part of my professional responsibility identified by NICE, 2007. I aim to involve service users and engage them in a simple customer feedback questionnaire to establish how well the initiative meets their needs. 7. Conclusion 7.1 I feel that further and continuing research is required on what clients require within a service. It is my responsibility as a SCPHN and a leader of a team to maintain evidenced based practice and respond to the needs of professionals and clients. I aim to continue developing the key skills of reflecting upon experiences and improving practice at the beginning, during and after action, to ensure improvement of services. From the experiences and reflection I have undertaken I have identified my leadership style and conclude that I will try to respond to individuals within the context of their understanding and community. Consideration of ideas generated by members of the team and client group are key to effective leadership. 7.2 I endeavour to share and input values such as honesty, respect, integrity and emotional strength as I believe they are essential for working with team members and clients. Promotion of my values and constructive criticism need to be demonstrated within any team. Adaptability and flexibility of leadership styles must also be developed and used. I aim to continue and develop my participatory leadership approach with both colleagues and clients. This will enable me to evaluate, question and confirm all of my actions within my role as a SCPHN. 8. Recommendations 8.1 As a SCPHN I should lead change and encourage change in a flexible and appropriate manner to aid the development of healthcare services. 8.2 I acknowledge that I need to develop my skills in applying quality care frameworks in practice to improve my quality assurance. 8.3 I recognise that my conflict management skills should be developed through experience and used effectively to promote good leadership. 9. Appendix Appendix 1 Adair, 1997 interaction of needs within the group 11. References Adair, J (1979) Action Centred Leadership. Aldershot: Gower Press. Barr, J Dowding, L (2010) Leadership in Health Care. London: Sage. Changing Minds (2002-2006) Transformational Leadership. (Online) Available at: http://www.changingminds.org/disciplines/leadershipstyles.htm (Accessed 24th June, 2010). Coe, C. Gibson, A. Spencer, N. Struttaford, M (2007) Sure Start: voices of the hard-to-reach. Child, care, health and development. 34, 4, 447-453. Cowley, S (2008) Community Public Health in Policy and Practice. 2nd Edition. London: Balliere Tindall. Crinson, I (1999) Clinical governance: the new NHS, new responsibilities. British Journal of Nursing. 8 (7): 449-453. Daft, R (2005) The Leadership experience. 3rd Edition. Canada: Thomson South-Western. Department for Education and Employment, department of Health Home Office (2000c) Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. London: HMSO. Department of Health (2000) The NHS Plan. London: HMSO. Department of Health, CPHVA, Unite NHS (2009b) Getting it right for children and families. Maximising the contribution of the health visiting team. Ambition, Action, Achievement. London: The Stationery Office. Department of Health (2009c) Healthy Child Programme Pregnancy and the first five years of life. London: The Stationery Office. Department of Health (2009a) Healthy lives, brighter futures The strategy for children and young peoples health. (Online) Available at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/publications (Accessed 5th June, 2010). Department of Health (2006) Our Health, Our Care, Our Say. London: HMSO. Department of Health (1999) Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation. London: HM Stationery Office. Eastwood, P. Horrocks, E Jones, K (1995) Promoting peer group support with post-natally depressed women. Health Visitor, 68 (4): 148-150. Hall, D, Williams, J, Elliman, D (2009) The Child Surveillance Handbook. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing. Hanson, S (2010) Empowering change. Community Practitioner. 83, 36-37. Johnson, S (2005) Characteristics of effective health care managers. Health Care manager 24(2), 124-128). Lewin K (1951) Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper and Row. Lewin, K, Lippitt, R White R (1939) Patterns of aggressive behaviour in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology 10: 271-299. Marquis, B Huston, C (2009) Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing Theory and Application. 6th Edition. London: Lippincott, Williams Wilkins. McGuire, E Kennerly, A (2006) Nurse managers as transformational and transactional leaders. Nursing Economics 24(4), 179-186. Mitcheson, J (2008) Expanding Nursing Health Care Practice Public Health Approaches to Practice. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. National Audit Office (2007) Improving Quality and Safety Progress in Implementing Clinical Governance: Lessons for the Primary Care Trusts. London: NAO. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2007) Behaviour Change. London: Department of Health. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2004) Standards of proficiency for Specialist Community Public Health Nurses. Norwich: The Stationery Office. Rafferty, A (1993) Leading questions: a discussion paper on the issues of nurse leadership. Kings Fund Centre. Robbins, s (2000) Organisational Behaviour. 9th Edition. New York: Prentice Hall. Royal College of Nursing (RCN) (2005) Working with Care: Improving Working Relationships in Healthcare. London: RCN. Royal College of Nursing (RCN) (2006) Supervision, accountability and delegation of activities to support workers A guide for registered practitioners and support workers. London: RCN. Smith, D Roberts, R (2009) Young parents perception of barriers to antenatal and postnatal care. British Journal of Midwifery, 17, 10. Sullivan, E Decker, P (2009) Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing. 7th Edition. London

The Causes of World War II Essay -- Papers

The Causes of World War II At the end of the First World War all the different countries such as France, United-Kingdom, United-States and Germany thought that the peace would last forever. However, as we have seen, they were terribly wrongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In 1939 a more violent and destructive war began. This time people fought all over the world, in Asia, Europe and also in the United-States (Pearl-harbour). I shall now explain what the main causes of the war were. The aggression began at the end of the First World War, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed and Germany was forced to pay a lot of money to France for the reparations of the obliterated cities. Their country (Germany) had to be divided in two parts, and they also had to limit their army to 100,000 men. The French army occupied the Rhineland, and the Sudetenland was also taken away from them. They couldn't say anything at the time, as they were held responsible for the war by the countries involvedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but this increased friction between the countries. The Treaty of Versailles was a really important trigger because Hitler used the revocation of this pact as one of his main points to gain votes during the election of 1933. In 1933 Hitler became a part of the German government. In 1936 the president of Germany asked him, under the 'pressure of the parliament' to become the new Chancellor. Here he seized the opportunity and asked for full power. The entire parliament agreed, and felt that he was the man who could pull Germany out of the economic crisis that the country was going through. When he got full power, Hitler started to change and rebuild the German economy. His ... ... 1939 Hitler was signing pacts with countries so he wouldn't fight alone against countries that were at this time supposed to be powerful. There are a lot of reasons for World War Two to take place. Conclusion ========== The ending of the First World War I think carries the most important value because Germany was treated very harshly with the treaty of Versailles. It is fair to say that if the treaty of Versailles had not extracted so much from the Germans, it would not have made them so aggressive, or hungry for 'revenge'. It is like snatching a major part of your income awayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is obvious that you will not appreciate it and that there will be friction between you and the person who engulfed your money! With Germany, it is a similar case, but on a larger scale, and with much larger consequences.

From the journal of Edna Krouner :: Edna Krouner Journal short story

From the journal of Edna Krouner On September 17th, 1908, at the brisk hour of 6:30 a.m., Miss Edna Krouner of Wakefield Rhode Island boarded a train for Poughkeepsie, New York.. About to begin her sophomore year at Vassar college, Edna flirted with two central questions: How quickly could she fall back asleep, and would anyone notice the snag she had just made in her new grey skirt? The confident thunk of heavy luggage settles Edna into the train compartment. A small, exasperated groan issues from her round mouth. Edna was the type of girl who thought women should groan in public if they wished, only maybe in a more polite and refined fashion than those Yale boys she had to dance with on football weekends. Coat and baggage successfully arranged in the seat, Edna waits for the sharp, familiar shock of the whistle, the loud lurching of the wheel’s first revolutions, and then, the steady calm of motion through the hazy New England morning. Stretching into her train compartment, Edna wonders if maybe Muriel would arrive this morning, and then the two of them could walk downtown to "purchase furnishings and sundries" for their rooms, returning to a party of picture hanging and new gossip. "If only we didn't have to go to that wretched chapel all the time!" , Edna writes in her journal. A journal, mind you, not a diary. Diaries might do for flighty girls, but as a young lady off to college, Edna was determined to write in a journal. Thinking of chapel, Edna groans again. She knew that as soon as a cozy crowd had assembled in her room, they would all be called to procession. Besides, chapel only served to "keep us quiet and bored for a set period each day". As Edna writes many times, the simple fact persists that "chapel is stupid" annoyance suprs her eyes to wander, and Edna glances out the window to realize that the Hudson forms a smaller ribbon now, a fainter, delicate version of itself as the train clacks and clings aw ay, soothing her into the curl of almost sleeping. Edna had stayed last night with her cousin Anna in Palisades Park before heading on to Poughkeepisie. They talked in Anna's room until 1 in the morning, pondering "deep and exciting issues of the day", to quote Edna’s journal once again.

Modern Times :: Free Essay Writer

Modern Times Boredom breeds blood and poison. In today’s society, it fails to surprise us that children continue to cling to the messages within music, television, and magazines. Such media portrayals tend to then set a model for how we develop our behavioral patterns. However, once a trend grows old or out of style, a strong sense of apathy results, if only for even a split second. In the long run, when such children feel out of place and their emotions run them rather than their minds, chaos results. We have seen several examples of this natural desire to rebel against authority in today’s world; take a look at Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris of Littleton, Colorado. The media definitely exists as our voice of reason when taking into account incidents such as this — for our entire lives, it is all we have known. The mindset of the nineteenth century Romanticists seems unbelievably similar to that of the youths in America. Both time periods ultimately ended up indirec tly encouraging one’s naturally hidden desire to revolt against the rules and conventions of society. Romanticism placed a major emphasis on reason through the arts. Literature, for instance, created the classic hero — a mysterious, melancholy figure who felt out of step with the world, thus yearning for freedom. Such writing — the media — determined and verified this approach and definition of life. In the nineteenth century, Lord Byron, Victor Huge, and Sir Walter Scott, among others, proved to be responsible for the promotion of such instincts toward rebellion. The arts during this time period certainly conveyed incredibly violent energy and emotion as well, thus calling for the defense of the rights of man. Since hypocrisy seemed to engulf humanity, a strong emphasis was placed on one’s imagination. Was the test then the same as now? Certainly! Both time periods utilized the power of the hero to survive death and despair; the creative spirit always seemed to prevail. Overall, everything then and now revolves around emotion and our natural ability to distinguish right from wrong. It only seems sane to allow one to make his or her own judgements based on his or her mistakes. Modern Times :: Free Essay Writer Modern Times Boredom breeds blood and poison. In today’s society, it fails to surprise us that children continue to cling to the messages within music, television, and magazines. Such media portrayals tend to then set a model for how we develop our behavioral patterns. However, once a trend grows old or out of style, a strong sense of apathy results, if only for even a split second. In the long run, when such children feel out of place and their emotions run them rather than their minds, chaos results. We have seen several examples of this natural desire to rebel against authority in today’s world; take a look at Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris of Littleton, Colorado. The media definitely exists as our voice of reason when taking into account incidents such as this — for our entire lives, it is all we have known. The mindset of the nineteenth century Romanticists seems unbelievably similar to that of the youths in America. Both time periods ultimately ended up indirec tly encouraging one’s naturally hidden desire to revolt against the rules and conventions of society. Romanticism placed a major emphasis on reason through the arts. Literature, for instance, created the classic hero — a mysterious, melancholy figure who felt out of step with the world, thus yearning for freedom. Such writing — the media — determined and verified this approach and definition of life. In the nineteenth century, Lord Byron, Victor Huge, and Sir Walter Scott, among others, proved to be responsible for the promotion of such instincts toward rebellion. The arts during this time period certainly conveyed incredibly violent energy and emotion as well, thus calling for the defense of the rights of man. Since hypocrisy seemed to engulf humanity, a strong emphasis was placed on one’s imagination. Was the test then the same as now? Certainly! Both time periods utilized the power of the hero to survive death and despair; the creative spirit always seemed to prevail. Overall, everything then and now revolves around emotion and our natural ability to distinguish right from wrong. It only seems sane to allow one to make his or her own judgements based on his or her mistakes.

The National Food Security Mission Environmental Sciences Essay

With the Stagnating nutrient grain production and an increasing ingestion demand of turning population of India, The National Development Council ( NDC ) on 29th May, 2007 in its 53rd meeting adopted the declaration to establish a Food Security Mission and with this consequence the Food Security Mission came into presence on August, 2007. In order to guarantee the nutrient security on a sustainable footing for its country-men, the strategy has targeted to increase the production of rice by 10 million dozenss, wheat by 8 million dozenss and pulsations by 2 million dozenss by the terminal of Eleventh Plan ( 2011-12 ) . It is a centrally Sponsored Scheme, taking to bridge the output spread through airing of improved engineerings and farm direction patterns. This strategy has an of import function in increasing the productiveness of nutrient grains of India, it has advantage over the green revolution as it is covering 17 provinces more than what green revolution covered. As we will see the impact it has made in increasing the productiveness in the ulterior portion of the study, the figures are optimistic and it will be able to accomplish its mark of increasing nutrient productiveness by the twelvemonth 2011-2012 to run into the demand of the turning population. Mission Aims Increase production of rice, wheat and pulsations through country enlargement and productivity-enhancement in a sustainable mode in the identified territories of the state. To increase the production of rice by 10 million dozenss, wheat by 8 million dozenss and pulsations by 2 million dozenss by the terminal of the Eleventh Plan ( 2011-12 ) . Restore dirt birthrate and productiveness at the single farm degree. Creation of employment chances ; and Enhance farm degree economic system ( i.e. farm net incomes ) to reconstruct assurance amongst the husbandmans. Fund Allotment The entire fund allocated to this strategy is 4880 crores for heightening the nutrient grain production of rice by 10 million metric tons, wheat by 8 million tones and pulsations by 2 million metric tons by 2011-12. It is for three harvests, which are rice, wheat and pulsations. Rice and wheat are the major cereals consumed in India and occupies 80 % of our cereal ingestion. Whereas pulsations include several â€Å" dekaliters â€Å" like garbanzo, pigeon pea ( tur ) , mung bean, urad bean, form portion of our basic diet and are the major beginning of protein. Scheme To accomplish the above aims, the Mission adopted following schemes: Active battle of all the stakeholders at assorted degrees Promotion and extension of improved engineerings i.e. , seed, Integrated Nutrient Management including micronutrients, dirt amendments, IPM and resource preservation engineerings along with capacity edifice of husbandmans Flow of fund will be monitored to guarantee that intercessions reach the mark donees on clip. Assorted intercessions proposed would be integrated with the territory program and marks for each identified territory would be fixed. Changeless monitoring and coincident rating for measuring the impact of the intercessions for a consequence oriented attack by the implementing bureaus. Mission Structure A. National Level A General Council ( GC ) will be constituted under the chairmanship of the Union Agriculture Minister. A Mission Director will be appointed at the national degree. The composing of the GC will be as under: Minister of Agriculture Chairman Secretary ( A & A ; C ) Member Secretary ( DARE ) & A ; DG ( ICAR ) Member Secretary, Ministry of Finance Member Adviser ( Agriculture ) , Planing Commission Member Agriculture Commissioner Member Mission Director Member Secretary The GC will be the policy doing organic structure supplying suited directives and counsel to the Mission and reexamining the overall advancement and development of the strategy. The GC will be empowered to lie down and amend the operational guidelines, make up one's mind need-based reallocation of resources across States and territories and O.K. undertakings as per the demands. However, the subsidy norms as approved by the Government shall in no fortunes be exceeded for any of the Mission constituents. The GC will run into at least twice a twelvemonth. A National Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( NFSMEC ) would be constituted under the chairmanship of Secretary, Department of Agriculture & A ; Cooperation to supervise the activities of the Mission and to O.K. the State Action Plans. The NFSMEC will consist the followers: Secretary ( A & A ; C ) Chairman Secretary ( DARE ) & A ; DG, ICAR Member Secretary, MOWR Member Secretary, Department of Fertilizers Member Adviser ( Agri ) , Planing Commission Member Agriculture Commissioner Member Five ( 5 ) experts on harvest production Member Mission Director Member Secretary Function of the NFSMEC will be to supervise the activities of the Mission and to O.K. the single State Action Plans. The Chairman may put up more members to the commission as per demand. The NFSMEC will run into one time in every one-fourth. A Particular Food Security Cell created in the Department of Agriculture & A ; Cooperation ( DAC ) will supply the necessary support to the GC and NFSMEC and will administrate the NFSM. NFSMEC will guarantee smooth functional linkages among different bureaus. NFSMEC shall, in the initial phases of the Mission, meet tri-monthly. Implementing bureaus involved in the executing of the Mission ‘s programme will be accountable to the NFSMEC. A National Food Security Mission Cell will be created in the Crops Division of DAC by redeploying officers/staff from within the Department. There would be three extra Commissioners one each for rice, wheat and pulsations and three Deputy Commissioners one each for the several harvests. Two Adjunct Commissioners, three Assistant Directors, three STAs and back uping staff will besides be placed in the Cell. B. State Level A State Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( SFSMEC ) will be constituted by the State Governments under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary to supervise the activities of the Mission in the State. Secretary ( Agriculture ) , Secretary ( Irrigation ) , Secretary ( Power ) and representatives from other Departments concerned, SAUs, ICAR Institutes, lead Bankss, etc. will be the members of the SFSMEC. A State Mission Director will be appointed in the graduated table of Director ( from within the State Government or outdoors ) . The fundamental law of the State Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( SFSMEC ) will be as follows: Chief Secretary of the State Chairman Secretary ( Agriculture ) Member Secretary ( Irrigation ) Member Secretary ( Power ) Member Vice Chancellor ( s ) of SAUs Member Director/Project Director of ICAR Institutes Member Representatives of Lead Bankss Member State Mission Director Member Secretary The State Governments will hold to put up or make a suited independent bureau registered under the Societies Registration Act for implementing the Mission at the State and territory degrees. The bureau therefore nominated will implement the Mission ‘s programme in the State. Such an bureau could be the State Agricultural Management & A ; Extension Training Institute ( SAMETI ) at the State Level and the Agriculture Technology Management Agency ( ATMA ) at the territory degree. Separate histories for the strategy would be maintained by the State and the District degree Agencies as per the Account codification prescribed by the NSFMEC. The one-year histories would be punctually audited by a hired comptroller every twelvemonth. The State Level Agency will hold the undermentioned duties: Prepare position and State Action Plan in consonant rhyme with the Mission ‘s ends and aims and in close coordination with State Agriculture Universities ( SAUs ) and ICAR Institutes. Organize / behavior baseline study and feasibleness surveies in the country of operation ( territory, sub-district or a group of territories ) to find the position of harvest production, its possible and demand. Similar surveies would besides be undertaken for other constituents of the programmes. Execution of the Mission ‘s programmes in the State through husbandmans societies, Non-Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) , agriculturists ‘ associations, self-help groups, State establishments and other similar entities. Organize workshops, seminars and developing programmes for husbandmans and other stakeholders at the State degree with the aid of State Agriculture Universities and ICAR Institutes in the district/State. Fundss would be straight received by it from the National Food Security Mission to put to death the sanctioned Action Plan for the State. C. District Level At the territory degree, the strategy will be implemented through the Agricultural Technology Management Agency ( ATMA ) . The State Level Agency will supply the needed financess to the District Level Agency for executing of the programme at the territory / block degree. A District Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( DFSMEC ) will be constituted for undertaking preparation, execution and monitoring of the strategy constituents through the District Agriculture Department. The District Collector or Chief Executive Officer of the Zilla Parishad ( as per bing norms of the State Government ) will be the president of the DFSMEC. DFSMEC will hold representatives from the line Departments concerned including SAUs, KVKs, ATMA, progressive husbandmans, self help groups of husbandmans and reputed NGOs as its members. The Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) / District Agriculture Officer will be the Member Secretary of the DFSMEC. The fundamental law of the DFSMEC will be as follows: District Collector/CEO of Zilla Parishad Chairman Representatives from line Departments Member Nominated progressive husbandmans Member Representatives from ego aid groups of husbandmans Member Representatives from reputed NGOs Member Representative of KVK / SAU in the District Member Project Director ATMA Member Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) /District Member Agricultural Officer Secretary Chairman, DFSMEC may put up other extra officials/persons of importance as felt necessary by him. D. Project Management Team A Project Management Team will be constituted at the National degree under the leading of Mission Director. A Project Management Team will be constituted at the State and the territory degree under the leading of a Project Manager drawn from the State Government. At the State degree, the Project Manager will be of the degree of a Director. At the territory degree, the undertaking director will be of the degree of a Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) or the District Agriculture Officer. The Project Management Team will be assisted by proficient experts to be appointed on contractual footing for engineering transportation and execution of the Mission. The Project Management Team will hold the duty to guarantee coaction among assorted line sections in the Centre / State to accomplish the marks. The assignment of proficient work force will be made on contract footing with the term of mention laid down for the intent by NFSMEC. The Project Management Team will supply the proficient services / advice. Honorarium to Project Management Team members will be fixed as per the extant fiscal norms. KVKs, SAUs and ICAR institutes working in the territory will supply proficient support in preparation of undertakings, its execution and monitoring. The proficient staff will be sourced from SAUs and their regional Centres located in the territories, KVKs, and ICAR institutes for leaving preparation to the husbandmans and extension forces involved in the execution and monitoring of the NFSM. The Project Management Team will hold the undermentioned duties: Guide the States/districts in organisational and proficient affairs. Aid in the execution and monitoring of the assorted intercessions of the NFSM. Help the States/districts in capacity edifice programmes and record the informations on harvest output through harvest cutting experiment samples. Help the territory and province bureaus in coincident rating based on instance surveies in identified territories and papers and circulate the success narratives. Undertake publicity/information run to advance the Mission aims. Monitoring System The National Food Security Mission will hold a strong mechanism of monitoring and rating with the engagement of all the implementing bureaus and the line sections. At the territory degree, monitoring will be undertaken by DFSMEC supported by the Project Management Team. Close monitoring of the physical and the fiscal marks of assorted plan intercessions would be done by the monitoring squads. Format for supervising these intercessions would be prescribed by NSFMEC. The State Department responsible for Economics and Statistics will be involved in accommodating the prescribed format for informations aggregation refering to different parametric quantities of the Mission for supervising to accommodate the local demands. At the State degree, the activities of the Mission will be monitored by a Committee to be constituted under the chairmanship of the State Mission Director with members from the line sections, SAUs, lead Bankss, ICAR institutes and the national harvest development directorates nodal for the State. At the National degree, the activities of the Mission will be monitored by a Committee to be constituted under the chairmanship of the Mission Director with members from Department of Agriculture & A ; Cooperation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, SAUs, Directorate of Rice, Wheat and Pulses Development, research establishments concerned and functionaries of State Departments concerned. Directorate of Rice/Wheat/ Pulses Development will be the convener of the Committees for the identified provinces, i.e. , the Directorate of Wheat Development for the northern States ; the Directorate of Rice Development for the eastern States ; and the Directorate of Pulses Development for the Central and the southern States. Reporting System The State Department of Agriculture will guarantee the entry of Quarterly Progress Reports ( QPR ) , which should make by the 10th of every 3rd month. Similarly, the elaborate Annual Progress Report ( APR ) should be sent to the Department of Agriculture & A ; Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture within three months after the terminal of the twelvemonth. One transcript of the studies of NFSM-Rice should be sent to the Directorate for Rice Development, Patna ; of NFSM-Wheat to the Directorate of Wheat Development, Ghaziabad and of NFSM-Pulses to the Directorate of Pulse Development, Bhopal with a transcript to the Mission Director. The formats for describing would be as prescribed by the NSFMEC. Evaluation System A baseline study will be conducted by the State Department responsible for Economics & A ; Statisticss to cognize the resource gifts of the husbandmans and the degree of productiveness. Coincident rating will be done every twelvemonth. The State Statistical Department would be responsible for carry oning this rating to measure the public presentation of the strategy in footings of its aims. In the 3rd twelvemonth of execution of the NFSM, a mid-term rating at the National Level will be undertaken through an independent agency/ organisation on its public presentation and defects so as to take the remedial steps / do required alterations in the strategy and its method of execution. An Impact Evaluation Study at the National Level will besides be undertaken through an independent bureau after the 3rd twelvemonth of execution to measure the impact of the strategy in increasing the productiveness of rice, wheat and pulsations, harvest variegation, and sweetening of husbandmans ‘ income. Information communicating engineering will be used for monitoring and rating of the Mission. Specialized tool/format/ package for the monitoring and rating of the Mission ‘s activities would be developed. Benefits to Farmers: Under this strategy the husbandmans are provided with the high giving up assortments of seeds, dirt amenders such as gypsum and calcium hydroxide and micronutrients, helps to add assorted machineries used for farming and aid for taking up Integrated Pest Control measures. Under this mission the expert tells the husbandmans about the new methods of agriculture, how different tools can be used to increase the productiveness and do agriculture easy through Farmers Field Schools and presentations. The strategy is really flexible and leaves adequate infinite for inventions at small town degree. Apart from the room given to the villagers for transporting out the activities as per their ain convenience, the local organic structures are allowed to be after as per their local demands therefore, continuing the spirit and holiness of local bodies/ panchayets establishments. About 10 % of the budget i.e. 420 crores is allotted for this intent. A fund of Rs1 crore per territory holding a individual mission harvest, 2 crores per territory holding more than one mission harvests is provided. Since the strategy has focused to increase the productiveness of wheat, rice and pulsations so, it came up with many intercessions in order to accomplish its mission. Some of the major intercessions that have been planned are given below given: Interventions-Rice, Wheat and Pulses Demonstration-In order to make the consciousness about the improved farm patterns presentation of the improved patterns of rice and wheat, SRI and intercrossed rice will be conducted at husbandman ‘s field. The figure of presentation will be about 1/5th of the entire figure of 11th five-year program but merely one presentation will be given to the husbandman. The presentations will be conducted in the immediate block by spliting the field in two blocks, one for the improved patterns and other by the husbandman ‘s patterns. This will be done in coaction with the State Department of Agriculture, State Agriculture Universities, ICAR Institutes, Krishi Vikas Kendra and NGO ‘s working in this field. But before all these choice of beneficiary husbandmans, choice of site and dirt analysis will be done. System of Rice Intensification and Hybrid Rice Technology- The presentation of SRI and intercrossed rice engineering will be conducted on husbandman ‘s field holding assured irrigation installation and proviso of drainage. Fiscal Aid for production of seed-Financial aid will be provided for the production of seed of intercrossed rice and certified seeds of improved assortments of pulsations. The production will be done under the Seed Committee of NFSM under the chairmanship of Agriculture Commissioner, Govt. of India. In order to run into the mark of covering 3 million hour angle. country under intercrossed rice, 4.5lakhs quintal intercrossed seed will be produced. The subsidy is besides given by the govt. to the production units. The aid for administering the Hybrid/ HVY seeds of rice, wheat and pulsations will besides be given and public every bit good as private bureaus will be made the portion of distribution. Seed Minikit Programme of Rice and Wheat-This programme was aimed at presenting and popularising the latest released/ pre-released varieties/ loanblends among the husbandmans. The size of the minikit made will be 10kg each for wheat, 5kg for HVY of rice and 8kg for Hybrid rice but merely the new released/ loanblend will be distributed which should non be older than 5 old ages. It was decided that one minikit for every 50ha country of rice and wheat will be distributed. These minikits will be distributed by NSC/ SFCI/ SAUs. Strengthening the Infrastructure for Pulses Breeder Seed Production of ICAR-In order to beef up the substructure the Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur was made the nodal bureau. It was provided with the fiscal aid in order to beef up the breeder seed production substructure including contractual work force on project footing. State Seed Corporation/ NSC/SFCI/NAFED/IFFCO and other seed bring forthing bureaus will be explicating Annual Seed Production program for production of foundation and certified pulse seeds. Alimentary Management and usage of Soil Ameliorants-Management of foods and dirt ameliorants will be implemented by the State Development of Agriculture. The All India Soil and Land Use Survey will be the nodal bureau for designation of the precedence countries for execution. Mechanization- Mechanization in the rice, wheat and pulsation will be assisting the husbandmans in the timely completion of the field operation and increase their efficiency, this in bend will conserve the cost of cultivation. Tractor drawn seed drill for wheat and pulsations will assist the beneficiary to cover the big countries in a short period. Distribution of Sprinkler Sets for Wheat and Pulses-It was planned to increase the irrigated country under pulsations from 16 % to 21 % and heighten the irrigation efficiency in NFSM-Wheat territories through the distribution of Sprinkler Sets. Analysis of Effect of NFSM on the production of Rice, Wheat and pulsations in the twelvemonth 2007 – 2008 and 2008 – 2009. Main aims of NFSM are: 20 million dozenss of extra nutrient grains to be produced ; 10 of rice, 8 of wheat and 2 of Pulsations: We have non yet reached to that degree but we are seeking to catch up really shortly. An spending of Rs. 4883 crores provided over a period of five old ages, 2007-08 to 2011-12 312 territories to be covered in 17 States that are holding really high output spreads 20 MHa of Rice, 13 MHa of Wheat and 17 MHa of Pulses, covering approximately 40 % of cropped country for focussed attending Signs of Change: Improved production and productiveness during 07-08 & A ; 08-09 State specific specializations- Many province developed their ain specialisations for e.g. Tamil Nadu- SRI ; Orissa and A.P- Documentation of presentations Improvement of productiveness by more than 50 % in some territories of Bihar, M.P where the original productiveness is much lesser than the province productiveness. Encouragement to new farm practices-Nearly 2.35 lakh presentations of improved assortments of rice and wheat, SRI of rice and intercrossed rice About 47.83 lakh quintals of high giving variety/ intercrossed seed of rice, wheat, pulsations were distributed. About 12.0 lakh hectares of country treated with dirt micro foods ( gypsum/lime/micronutrients ) to reconstruct dirt birthrate About 9.7 lakh hour angle of farm land treated under Integrated Pest Management About 4.3 lakh farm implements distributed Capacity edifice of the husbandmans through about 14535 Farmers Field Schools arranged at farm degree About 55,000 husbandmans are benefited through resource preservation engineerings Tabular analysis of benefits for husbandmans. S.No End product Area covered Farmers benefited 1 2.35 lakh presentations About 1 lakh hac 2.35 lakh husbandman 2 7.5 lakh qtls of Rice HYV distributed 8 lakh hac of rice country of NFSM territories covered About 12 lakh husbandmans 3 About 13000 qtls of intercrossed rice distributed 86000 hac is covered About 57000 husbandmans 4 34.5 lakh qtls of wheat HYV distributed 34.5 hundred thousand hac 23 hundred thousand husbandmans 5 5.7 lakh hac of pulsations seed distributed 14.25 lakh hac covered 9.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 6 About 12 lakh hac treated with gypsum/lime/micronutrients 12.0 hundred thousand hac 9.0 hundred thousand husbandmans 7 9.7 lakh hour angle of farm land treated under Integrated Pest Management 9.7 hundred thousand hac 6.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 8 4.3 lakh farm implements distributed 4.3 hundred thousand husbandmans 9 Capacity edifice of the husbandmans through about 14535 Farmers Field Schools 4.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 10 Entire About 1 million About 72 lakh husbandmans Analysis of Different Food Grains during 2007-08 and 2008 – 09 Wheat production in 2007-08: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 78.57million dozenss of wheat ; about 2.8 million dozenss more than 06-07 Production in NFSM territories is 35.8 million dozenss in 2007-08 Compared to 35.16 million dozenss in 2006-07 Wheat productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Maharashtra 14.6 % ; Gujarat 6.6 % ; Bihar 14.1 % punjab 6.6 % ; UP 2.9 % ; WB 1 % Wheat production in 08-09: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 77.63 million metric tons of wheat ; about 1.82 metric tons more than 2006-07 Wheat productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: Up 1.92 % ; WB 5.22 % ; Bihar 1.6 % ; Haryana 2.7 % ; M.P.7.2 % ; Rajasthan 14.6 % Wheat productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Punjab 5.6 % ; UP 5 % ; WB 6.2 % ; Bihar 16.4 % ; Rajasthan 1.2 % Overall View of the production alteration Against the mark of 8 million metric tons of extra wheat production, 1.8 million metric tons of wheat production is achieved as per 3rd estimation 2008-09. Analysis of Rice production in 2007-2008: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 96.69 million metric tons of rice ; about 3.34million dozenss more than 06-07 ( 93.39 million metric tons ) Rice productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: AP 19.6 % ; Gujarat 35 % ; Production in 2008-09: Significant function of NSFM in bring forthing 99.37 million metric tons of rice during 2008-09 ( 3rd progress estimations ) ; about 2.7 million metric tons more than 2007-08 Rice productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: AP 15.3 % ; Bihar 27.7 % ; MP 44 % ; WB 3.7 % Rice productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: Bihar 70 % ; MP 64 % ; TN 9.2 % ; UP 6.5 % Overall View of the Production Against the mark of 10 million metric tons of extra rice production, 6 million metric tons of rice production is achieved ( basal twelvemonth 2006-07 ) As per 3rd estimation of 2008-09 Analysis of Pulses Production in 2007-08: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 14.76 million metric tons of pulsations ; about 0.6million metric tons more than 06-07 ( 14.2 million metric tons ) Assets productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Gujarat 39 % Bihar 13 % ; A.P 9 % Analysis of pulse production in 2008-09: Assets productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: TN 19. % ; Rajasthan & gt ; 100 % ; Punjab 18 % ; Haryana 66 % ; AP 20 % assets productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Rajasthan 65 % ; Punjab 3 % ; Haryana 0.25 % ; AP 30 % , So if we critically analyze the above findings we can state that it has done a good occupation when we consider a short period. However there are many other factors which will and are non leting NFSM to be effectual. Some of the grounds are evidently bureaucracy and other political factors, other factors include societal factors as deficiency of enterprise from people themselves. Analyzing the Working of the scheme State-Wise: To acquire more elaborate and clear image of the working and betterment made boulder clay now, we will analyze the strategy province wise. The studies of the provinces are as follows: Andhra Pradesh: There was addition in the country under Kharif rice over the normal rice. Despite of heavy rains, and loss of grains, province managed to feed its people. Chhattisgarh: Mission manager stated that no extra financess would be required as they are using the financess decently and due to lift in production husbandmans are taking enterprises themselves. Gujerat: An sum of Rs. 12.07 crores was spent as on 15.12.2010 against approved program sum of Rs.25.98 crores and 100 % outgo was anticipated by the terminal of season. Mysores: An country of 11.03 lakh Hectors was covered under Kharif rice against mark of 10.55 lakhs Hectors and country of 16.72 lakh hectares against mark of 15.10 hundred thousand under Kharif pulsations was covered. Similarly 90.94 lakh tones of Kharif nutrient grains were done as against 87.27 hundred thousand. Kerala: 2064 minikits were supplied to the husbandmans. Changeless proficient aid was provided to the husbandmans. But merely one territory is included in the mission, the PMT support was non provided to the province. Maharashtra: 17019 minikits of rice and 7124 minikits of wheat were supplied against the allotment of 18008 and 7108 minikits of rice and wheat severally. 91160 minikits of pulse harvest were supplied against the allotment of 92160 minikits. Madhya Pradesh: Outgo of Rs.4.52 crores and 16 crores was incurred under Rice and Pulses during Khaiff. There was 15 % addition in the overall production of nutrient grains. Orrisa: Presently 15 territories are included but they are be aftering to increase it to 30 within 2-4 old ages. Rajasthan: State reported 55 % outgo under wheat and 43 % under pulsations constituent of NFSM. Tamil nadu: This province has spent 100 % of the allocated financess, which was Rs.29.94 crores under rice and pulsations. State saw a important betterment in the quality of dirt due to outdo agriculture patterns being used under the mission. West Bengal: This province was non able to pass every bit much as it was given to it but so besides in has seen a quite growing in the production of nutrient grains. From the above analysis done for the different provinces where the programme was carried out in full swing, we can state that the National Food Security Mission is working really successfully in many provinces as it has helped in increasing the productiveness per Hector of the irrigated land. But we besides saw that in some provinces the mission`s aim is non fulfilled, as the provinces are non able to utilize the financess allocated to them or they are non able to pull off good the husbandmans land or they are non able to administer the seeds to the husbandmans in the needed ratio. But looking into its overall public presentation we can state that if it keeps bettering its working so it can easy accomplish its aim in the span of 5 old ages. Comparison of NFSM between Andhra Pradesh and Orissa The National Food Security Mission ( NFSM ) is in operation in 17 provinces of the state including Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. Andhra Pradesh National Food Security Mission-Rice ( NFSM-Rice ) is being implemented in 11 territories of the province and National Food Security Mission -Pulses ( NFSM-Pulses ) is being implemented in 14 territories of the province. Present Status of nidation of NFSM in State On the footing of the proposal received from the State Government of Andhra Pradesh for execution of NFSM-Rice and NFSM-Pulses during Rabi, 2007-08, a entire sum of Rs. 4481.83 hundred thousand ( dwelling of an sum of Rs. 1594.83 lakhs under NFSM-Rice, Rs. 2811.00 hundred thousand for NFSM-Pulses and Rs. 76.00 hundred thousand for Publicity ) have been allocated. The entire sum of Rs. 4461.83 hundred thousand has been released. For other old ages the information has been mentioned in the below given tabular array, which compares the allotment of NFSM amongst different provinces. Degree centigrades: UsersDhirajDesktopNFSMstates.jpg In twelvemonth 2009-10, Andhra Pradesh has been allocated Rs. 12791 Lakhs under NFSM and for the twelvemonth 2010-11 it was allocated Rs. 6401 Lakhs. Advancement: The State has reported the outgo of Rs. 1053.64 lakh under NFSM Rice and Rs. 2403.00 lakhs under NFSM-Pulses, so far. The high values of fund allotment show that Andhra Pradesh has made a important advancement over the old ages in Food Security. Constraints: Since the NFSM has been launched from Rabi, 2007-08, no province has indicated restraints so far. Orissa National Food Security Mission-Rice ( NFSM-Rice ) is being implemented in 15 territories of the province and National Food Security Mission -Pulses ( NFSM-Pulses ) is being implemented in 10 territories of the province. Present Status of NFSM in State: On the footing of the proposal received from the State Government of Orissa for execution of NFSM-Rice and NFSM-Pulses during Rabi, 2007-08, an sum of Rs. 645.860 lakhs under NFSM-Rice and Rs. 456.760 hundred thousand for NFSM-Pulses have been allocated. Besides, an sum of Rs. 31.00 hundred thousand has besides been allocated to State for Publicity Campaign. In 2010-11, the fund allotment for execution of NFSM has been significantly high. The entire sum of fund allotment is Rs. 3714 Crores, out of which Rs. 894 Crores is for the Pulses and Rs. 2820 Crores is for the Rice. The information has been shared in the above tabular array. For other old ages, as can be seen from the tabular array below, in 2009-10, Orissa had a fund allotment of Rs. 43.1 crores in entire out of which Rs. 2.03 Crores was for Publicity Campaign. Degree centigrades: UsersDhirajDesktopUntitled.jpg Advancement: As per the authorities web site, no advancement has been reported by the province so far. But we can see from Table 1 that over the old ages the fund allotment has improved and good sum of work has been done for nutrient security in the province of Orissa. Constraints: Since the NFSM has been launched from Rabi, 2007-08, no province has indicated restraints so far. Comparison: The province of Orissa has far lesser fund allotment every bit far as NFSM is concerned in comparing to Andhra Pradesh. As per the statistics available on the web site and covered in Table 1, Andhra Pradesh was allocated a entire fund of Rs. 8181 Crores in 2008-09 in comparing to Orissa ‘s Rs. 6252 Crores of allocated fund during the same clip period. In 2009-10, financess deserving Rs. 12791 Crores were allocated for nutrient security in Andhra Pradesh in comparing to Orissa ‘s Rs. 6279 Crores. This besides shows that year-on-year growing in allotment of NFSM financess has seen growing for Andhra Pradesh but it is about the same for Orissa. Critical Analysis In a command to bolster India ‘s nutrient security scenario, the National Food Security Mission ( NFSM ) has been implemented in 476 Districts of 17 States in India since its origin. The chief thought behind NFSM is to accomplish an extra production of 20 million dozenss of nutrient grains — 10 million dozenss of rice, 8 million dozenss of wheat and 2 million dozenss of pulsations — by the terminal of Eleventh five-year program ( 2011-12 ) . There have been many focused and aim orientated technological intercessions under NFSM which has made a important impact since its origin which is reflected by the fact that the production of rice, wheat and pulsations is increased from 93.35 million dozenss, 75.81 million dozenss and 14.20 million dozenss in 2006-07 to 94.01 million dozenss, 81.47 million dozenss and 16.51 million dozenss severally in 2010-11 as per 2nd progress estimation. NFSM-Rice: The NFSM-Rice is implemented in 138 territory of 14 States, i.e. , Andhra Pradesh ( 11districts ) , Assam ( 13districts ) , Bihar ( 18 territories ) , Chhattisgarh ( 10 territories ) , Gujarat ( 2 territories ) , Jharkhand ( 7 territories ) , Karnataka ( 7 territories ) , Kerala ( 1 territory ) , Madhya Pradesh ( 9 territories ) , Maharashtra ( 6 territories ) , Orissa ( 15 territories ) , Tamil Nadu ( 5 territories ) , Uttar Pradesh ( 26 territories ) and West Bengal ( 8 territories ) . NFSM-Wheat: The NFSM-Wheat is implemented in 141 territories of 9 States i.e. Bihar ( 25 territories ) , Gujarat ( 4 territories ) , Haryana ( 7 territories ) , Madhya Pradesh ( 30 territories ) , Maharasthra ( 8 territories ) , Punjab ( 10 territories ) , Rajasthan ( 15 territories ) , Uttar Pradesh ( 38 territories ) and West Bengal ( 4 territories ) . NFSM-Pulses: Under NFSM-Pulses, 467 territories of 16 State are included. All the territories in 4 provinces of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and 10 territories of Assam and 15 territories of Jharkhand are included under NFSM-Pulses. One of the defects with the NFSM is its position to supply modern engineering through the above mentioned intercessions to little and fringy husbandmans. This proposal is non practical in the sense that the usage of modern engineering by little husbandmans will non be economically feasible. This proposal of NFSM is hence, contradictory itself, since modern engineering can be implemented in large- sized farms merely.